Circular business models
Connect product value with the way an organization earns, delivers and recovers it.
Follow the value
A circular model begins with the service a customer needs, not the material left over after a sale. Map ownership, use, maintenance and the end of the first useful life. Identify where durability, access or recovery can preserve value.
Test the operating model
Compare sale, service, lease and take-back arrangements against customer requirements. Each changes cash flow, responsibilities and the information needed to manage an asset. A model is viable only when those responsibilities can be fulfilled.
Make the transition practical
Choose a bounded product family and define the assumptions to test. Specify who will collect evidence, how returns will be handled and what decision follows the trial. Keep commercial and environmental questions connected.